My Topic of Research

 A Study of Themes & Techniques in the Novels of Ruskin Bond

THE PURPOSE & SCHEME OF THE STUDY

submitted to the 

C.C.S. University, Meerut(Uttar Pradesh)

for the enrolment to the degree of 

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 

in 

ENGLISH

(Regn. No. 6796 July06)

Investigator

Abha Sirohi

Supervisor

Dr. Aruna Sharma

Reader & HOD

Department of English

A.K.P.G. College, Hapur

2006

Purpose of Study

Indo-anglian literature is a part of Indian literature like Bengali, Tamil, Uriya, Telagu and Hindi literature etc. with a bright tradition of its own and still exhibiting signs of abundant life and energy. Therefore an Indian writing in English certainly opens the doors of cultural contact between own country and rest of the world. And such contacts are highly necessary if India is not to remain in splendid isolation from that wider culture and scholarship which knows no geographical boundations in the midst of the world.

                       Indo – Anglian literature is a mixture of different outlooks and philosophy of life one is that which is very ancient and conservative and other is modern, scientific and progressive. Ruskin Bond has mostly written about the first outlook that is ancient and conservative which is surrendering to the supernatural, destiny, supremacy of God and nature and the basic decencies of life like childhood and innocence. This literature is rich in every branch i.e. poetry, drama, criticism, biography & fiction which has put India on the literary map of the world. It has opened window for the foreigners through which they can see India as Indians themselves would like to see their own country.

         Ruskin Bond is a prolific writer with versatile nature. He is a poet, journalist, novelist and teller of tales. In the sequence of contemporary writers like Sir Joginder Singh, Shankar Ram, Raja Rao, K.Ahmed Abbas, Dr. Mulk Raj Anand, R.K.Narayan and Khushwant Singh, Ruskin Bond stands distinct with appeal to common human beings, once again taking the people back to nature, fulfilling the task, left by Wordsworth. Ruskin Bond is one of the most promising novelists of Indo-Anglian literature.

       

              He has a great affection towards India. He himself stated that his inspiration or subject matter has always come from his Indian background and experiences. The west never appealed to him in that way. His works have a brilliant and exciting exposition of indescribable charm of India. Ruskin Bond is writing from the pre-independence period. He has depicted India in his works as a perfect artist. Independence came to India through the blood and tears of partition the hectic British rule and his works visualize all these things.

His first novel “The Room On The Roof ’’ was published in England, as his forefathers belonged to that place, he was sent to make his career. After the unexpected success of his novel his affection towards India became so powerful to let him come back to India. He played the role of Wordsworth in fiction.“A Flight Of Pigeons ’’ is a haunting story of the capture of a young British girl by a Pathan during the revolt of 1857.  “Delhi is Not  Far” is the story of  a young writer, describes his relationship with a street boy Suraj and a prostitute Kamla “The Sensualist” is a novel which has created controversy and was published later.

         The present study is designed into five well-arranged chapters. The chapter first will provide background (age) contemporary life, trends and traditions which played very prominent role in the making of personality of Ruskin bond and his works. The modern age is the age of novelists so all these factors cant be ignored. 

                   In the second chapter researcher will reveal the biographical sketch of Ruskin bond. His life, main works, impact and various influences will also be emphasized in these chapters which will help in the proper understanding of novelist, and his bent of mind. The reason behind is that he personally lived and experienced the life, which he has, drawn in his works.

The chapter third is going to center around the various themes as reflected in his novels. Up to this time very few studies has been done on thematic pattern of his novels. This chapter will help in satisfying the eagerness of the people. In his themes he wants to show basic tendencies of nature, permanence of nature and its victory over human beings and special focus is on dominant world of childhood, innocence, human relation, human behaviour and human nature.

              In chapter fourth  researcher will deal with the art and technique of his novels that makes him distinct from others. The present work will analyze how the novelist portrays the life on broader canvas and displays its complexity and solidity. In his language we neither suffer for toughness nor we come across absolete words. His style has nothing of the old tradition that we shall search his pages in vein for strange words or strongly constructed sentences. Ruskin bond has an art of his own. He has a keen eye for dramatic situations and speed the movement which makes his novels lively and interesting. To an incident of every day life, he gives a new artistic design that is complete and beautiful.

In the above paragraphs researcher has given the outline of her work now the researcher will sum up with chapter five which will trace the findings.  In order to do full justice chapter five will contain certain generalizations, observations and his ultimate philosophy of life. The researcher will conclude her research. 

The future may witness further transformation in the spirit of his novels but we have yet to wait for the numerous changes in his novels in the ages to come.

                  

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….......

Tentative Chapter Division

Research   is  likely to contribute for   better  understanding  of  the  craftsmanship  of Ruskin   Bond.   Chapterization   will   be like this: -

Chapter One :  Introduction - About the age and the novelists.

Chapter Two :  Biographical Sketch  - About Author’s Life,

                           Works and Impact.

Chapter Three :  Theme Of His Works - Nature, Childhood, Human relations.

Chapter Four :  Language And Technique  - Style and Diction.

Chapter Five :  Conclusion – (Findings or Summing up)

Bibliography

Main Sources:

Novels by Ruskin Bond:

# The Room on the Roof, London, Penguin books India 1951..

# Vagrants in the Valley, India Penguin Books India.

# Delhi is not Far, India, Penguin Books India. 2000

# A Flight of pigeons, India, Indian Books house 1980-2002.

# The Sensualist, India, Indian Books House. 2003

Other Sources:

Biography and Criticism:

# Advance Literary Essays by Mundra J.N. & Sahni C.L   Prakash Book Depot. 1971,72

# Mussoorie & Landour by Bond Ruskin & Saili  Ganesh  Penguin Books India.

# Roads to Mussoorie  by Bond  Ruskin  Penguin Books India 2005.

# Ruskin Bond Collected Fiction by Penguin Books India 1996

# Scenes from a Writers Life by Bond  Ruskin Indian Books House, 1997.

# The India I Love, by Bond  Ruskin  Rupa & Company, 2004.

# The lamp is Lit  by Bond   Ruskin  Penguin Books India, 1998

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Hello all,

today I m so happy I passed the b.ed. entrance examination n took admission in college. teaching was never my passion but somehow it is suitable career for a lady bcoz she holds entire house hold responsibilities. Besides this I hv shifted to Delhi to prepare for NET exam n I hope that this time I m going to pass it. I hv targeted to get Govt job this yr. I m facing problems bcoz its a long gap of 12yrs I m starting with education again. Lets start with true spirit.

 

 

with love

About my research work

A Dream that is going to be true...

Doing Ph.D. is really a dream for me, but actually it was a dream of my parents that i adopted to make true. I got ragistered for it in July2006 in Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP. But it was nt as much easy to got ragistered for Ph.D. before this a Supervisor from the same University Campus fooled me for 1 year but he refused to ragistered me under him as a researcher. When I visited him for first time for doing Ph.d. he said its ok u r a bright student surely i'll help u, he guided me to make research proposal for that i collected the material in every way i could. I visited lots of libraries including USA & British Ambessies, Sahitya Academy Library even i vivited the author Mr. Ruskin Bond 3 times to make sure that i m opting a reasonable topic of my research. Than came the time to visit my supervisor but everytime he send me empty hand without giving me any satisfying answer in this way he wasted my 14 months and in last what he did ? He send to me at his juniors office to settle the final formalities, the same time he demanded for money to make me ragistered under him. i was shocked! I said money for what the university is paying u to do this, u r liable to do this.. this is ur moral duty also but u know whta he said? He said shamelessly that "why I should take pain for u?" I replied bcoz u are appointed here to take pains for students, but he refused all my logics n arguments than i asked him boldly "Sir, how much u paid to sit here? he said this is nt the way to talk to ur Teacher, i said u r nt a teacher u r a salesman, n u must shame on ur attitude but i cant afford this Degree, i took back my research proposal n left that place. I was feeling helpless, a respected Professor wasted my 14 months. Again i started searching for the guide n after 8 months I met my current supervisor Dr. Aruna Sharma,  I explained her everything, she assured me that i hv no need to get worried or going anywhere else.        

   Now my worries came to an end after meeting her Dr. Aruna Sharma is HOD English at AKPG College Hapur, UP from then i respect her a lot. She is very much caring n coperative, she guided me in a cool way, she boost me with a new confidance n created a unique insight under me to observe the things. But again here came my badluck, i stucked into a job at PIIT Engr. n Management Collage, GZB. This job made me extreamely busy my research got interrupted, same time i got married due to that i got very careless for it. In this way i wasted 7 years of my research work but again i working for it with a new enthusiasm, n i hope that very soon i m going to complete it. The topic of my research is A Specific Study of Themes n Techniques in the Novels of Ruskin Bond,  if anyone have any material of it pls do post at my blog.

thanks  

I won award for my activities

Universal Human Rights Promotion Award

I won this award in 2007 sponsored by Indian Institute for Human Rights, New Delhi from where I did PG Diploma in Human Rights in 2004 with 1st division. The Director of the organization Dr. Rahul Roy is working for Human Rights for a long time, this award was a big achievement for me, besides it i did 6months certificate program in Social Work from Prayas Sansthan, Meerut.

               I was also associated with National Service Scheme(NSS) for two years 1998-99 under center AKPG College Hapur. here is my news paper coverage of winning the award:

My NGO "SAHYOG"

I m running a NGO naming Sahyog(the spirit of coperation). Sahyog got registered in Aug 2003, it is working for the betterment of mankind e.g. Education, Child N Woman Welfare and preserving our Environment. We r nt saying that we can change everything but by playing our part we can make thing a little bit better for others. I know it is very small NGO but our VISION is big. Sahyog does nt get any type of aid from Govt or Private authorities it is running purely on the basis of members donations n contribution. This is the executive council of Sahyog:

Chaiperson                                Aabha Chaudhary (Moradabad)

Vice- Chairperson                     Chanchal Yadav (New Delhi)

Sectratory                                 Umesh Dutt Sharma (Babugarh Cantt)


Treasurar                                  Sharmishtha( New Delhi)


Member                               Renu Singh(Dehradoon)
                                            Rajbeer Singh(B.B.Nagar)
                                            Rashmi Sharma(Hapur)
                                            Sunita Chaudhary(Bulandshahar)
                                            Preeti Poswal(Simbhaoli)
                                            Priya Singh(Pilibheet)
                                            Poonam Sirohi(Noida)
                                            Neeraj Chaudhary (Moradabad)
                                            Deepmala (Babugarh Cantt)
                                            Jyoti (Moradabad)
                                            Dharmendra Kumar (New Delhi)
                                            Anamika (New Delhi)
                                            P. Vinit (New Delhi)
                                            Subhash Chaudhary (Chandigarh)
                                            Jalim Singh (Hapur)
                                            Gajendra Singh (Dhakoli)
                                            Mrs. Poonam Singh (Hapur)
                                            Pradeep Sharma (Moradabad)
                                            Sheetal (Moradabad)
                                            Rashid Hussain (Moradabad)
                                            Pankaj (Moradabad)
                                            Priya (Moradabad)
                                            Naveen(Moradabad)
                                            Surabhi (Moradabad)
                                            Dhirendra Sirohi (New Delhi)
                                            Dharmendra Singh (Ghaziabad)

Here r some activities of our NGO........................

My Interview with the great author Ruskin Bond

Some delightful moments with Ruskin Bond

........before u read it i hv something to share with u all, when i had this interview with Mr. Bond I was nt comfortable with speaking english nor i was fluent with this tongue. it was a big deal for me, i was hasitating in doing so, a fear was creeping in my mind that would i be able to do so. I visited my supervisor, my Mentor Dr. Aruna Sharma then she counsell me n boost me with confidance that i can do it. She guided me took an audio recorder, make ur questionaire before going there, first listen him very carefully,  explain him ur fears n definately he'll help u, she said I m sure u r going to rock. it was her belief in me that came true, i explained my situation to Mr. Bond first he laughed n then he coperated with with in every way.......n the result is here....

(An Interview with Ruskin Bond on March 2nd, 2005 at Ivy Cottage, Landhore Cantt. Mussoorie, Dehradoon, Uttaranchal)

Abha Sirohi : Sir, I am fond of your works from the very early age and I have undertaken a research projected on ‘A Study of Theme & Technique in the Novels of Ruskin Bond”. So for that purpose I need your kind cooperation and guidance. In this regard to satisfy my bent of mind I want to ask some questions about you and your work which always creeps over my mind I hope you’ll cooperate me for this.

Ruskin Bond : It’s my pleasure.

Abha Sirohi : Sir, first of all I want to congratulate you and wish you best of luck for this Australian Prize for literature. How are you feeling now when you have  nominated for this award?

Ruskin Bond : Abha, thanks for your wishes. This award is yet to be decided, I am one of the nominee from the different countries. It is very satisfying for me to be a part of this award.

Abha Sirohi : Sir, which things affected your work?

Ruskin Bond : By different writers, my teachers when I was at school, by my father when I was young and by my environment and people that came into my contact.

Abha Sirohi : Sir, what inspired to come in this field?

Ruskin Bond : Well, I was very fond of books and reading. I wanted to be a writer and thought of those whom I admire. I was highly impressed by Dickens’ book ‘David Copperfield’. I read the books of Charles Lamb, Priestley and the short stories of that age. In my school time I read Tagore, Narayan, and Mulkraj Anand and all these writers have influenced me in their own way. My teachers encouraged me and helped me to develop my writing and they also taught meclarity of expression and choice of right words. So all these things inspired me to be a writer.

Abha Sirohi : What is the motivation behind your stories, what do you want to show through your work?

Ruskin Bond  : I want to show basic decencies of nature, the wonder of nature and the world around us and also the dominate world of childhood.

Abha Sirohi : Sir, what are the main themes of your work?

Ruskin Bond : Nature, childhood, human relations and basically I am a story teller because I am very fond of stories.

Abha Sirohi : As basically you are a writer of nature , how do you feel about it?

Ruskin Bond : Well, I am close to nature in my fiction there is struggle with nature. Those  who live with nature always survive, such as the girl Sita in “Sita and the River” and Bisnu in the “Panthers Moon”. I believe that nature has both the faces –gentle and destructive, but it is the gentle face that dominates. I have shown the realistic approach of nature.

Abha Sirohi : Sir, in the novel ‘The Room on the Roof’ I analyzed that friendship is a very  important part of your life. In your opinion what is friendship?

Ruskin Bond : For me friendship means a meeting of two minds or two people who have  mutual sympathy. 

Abha Sirohi : Sir, I read ‘The India I Love’ in spite of being a British your affection and love for India is really amazing. Is there any particular reason behind it?

Ruskin Bond : Because I am an Indian. My heart is here. I spent my childhood here. India is  my real home. I belong to the grass, to the trees, to the hills here. It’s in my blood.

Abha Sirohi : In this modern era what is your message to the society, what do you want to convey to the young generation?

Ruskin Bond : I wish to convey that they must look for the best in life, and not to be completely given over to the material possessions but to be spiritual aspects of the life also.

Abha Sirohi : Tell us something about your life?

Ruskin Bond : Well, you’ll find a lot of about me and my life in my autobiographies like ‘Scenes From a Writer’s Life’ and one more book is there ‘The Lamp Is Lit’.

Abha Sirohi : What is the main difference do you find in the past time to the present?

Ruskin Bond : Not a great deal of difference in human nature because human beings no need to say progressing in technical field?

Abha Sirohi : Tell us something about your achievements in your prescribed field of writing.

Ruskin Bond : Well, I received many awards for my works, but Sahitya Akademy Award in 1992 

and Padam Shree in 1999 was quite satisfying. 

Abha Sirohi : What are unexplored aspects of your work?

Ruskin Bond : I can not identify any particular aspect because I write that in which I was interested and rest is up to the critics what they say.

Abha Sirohi : What is your future perspective?

Ruskin Bond : Well, some books are in proceeding and I want to work more and write a lot of books.

Abha Sirohi : Any sort of critical work or research if have been done on you or your work?

Ruskin Bond : Yes, Meena Khorana from U.S.A. and many more writers and authors are there, besides it a lot of researches have been done.

Abha Sirohi : O.K. Thank you Sir for your wonderful cooperation.

Ruskin Bond : Abha, the pleasure is entirely mine, thank you.

Abha Sirohi : Good Bye, have a nice day!

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Treatment of Animals in the Short Stories of Ruskin Bond

Treatment of Animals in the Short Stories of Ruskin Bond

By

Abha Sirohi

A.K.P.G.College, Hapur (GBD)

Nobody knows the source or person who showered a hidden blessing on mankind by introducing the art of storytelling. The age-old traditions of tell tales served various purposes simultaneously. At one side tales were the source of entertainment, sharing and exchanging of thoughts at another side tell tale became the medium of spread of education, morality and cultural heritage, which prevailed from time to time. Thus people made this form of expression widely popular and made its reach from door to door, from villages to towns, from towns to cities. Later on this tell tale became a variety of literature. From Chaucer's Canterbury Tales or rather age before than that to modern times the role of stories has become very prominent significant and popular.

           Ruskin Bond is a prolific writer of short stories and undoubtedly he is the pioneer of modern children literature in India. His stories are based on his memories of childhood. His stories are a type of fable. His sensibility and observation of the young world is really amazing. He crafts his stories around such themes as discovery, adventure, nature, ghosts, pets and animals-all that may hold a child's imagination. His stories depict his friendship with the trees, pets and his love for them.

                                       Bond skilfully handles the issues of man’s harmony with his environment including animals. In his stories he portrays this passion for pets and animals and related adventures. The story Animals on the Track presents hilarious adventures of a family travelling in a train with their unusual pets: a tiger, a squirrel, a parrot and a mischievous python. The python stealthily enters the Tiffin basket and gulps down all the food. Then the squirrel shares its nuts with the young hero who thanks it for its little act of endearment:

“Thanks”, I said. “If you keep bringing me peanuts all the night, I might last until morning.”*1

In the story Panther’s Moon, the presence of a man-eater in the forest becomes a battle for the survival for a young boy Bisnu. The panther emerges as a personal adversary because Bisnu is unable to attend the school and is confronted with the possibility of failing in the final exams. Bisnu determines to continue his schooling and ultimately succeed in forcing the animal to change the territory.The stories like The Tunnel, Tiger Tiger Burning Bright, Tiger in the House, A crow for all Seasons, and The Leopard are based upon his conviction that animals should be treated as Timothy. It suggests a better relationship among creatures of this earth. Bond describes the behaviour of birds, animals in such a way that sometimes they seem human. As in the story The Banyan Tree he writes:

"My first friend was a small gray squirrel. Arching his back and sniffing into the air, he seemed at first to resent my invasion of his privacy. But when he found that I did not arm myself with catapult or air gun, he became friendly".*2

Sometimes Bond discloses a feeling of ingratitude that creeps over his heart that somehow humans are not trustworthy for the animals, he further writes:

"He was a young squirrel, and his relatives and friends probably thought him foolish and headstrong for trusting a human".*3

Bond provides a living expression to his every scene either that is a common pet fight or about a classic drama legend like the fight of a cobra and a mongoose. In the story The Banyan Tree he describes this fight in such a way that readers feel themselves being compelled to read the entire story:

"I was feeling drowsy myself, wandering if I should go to the pond and have a swim with Ramu and his buffaloes, when I saw a huge black cobra gliding out of a clump of cactus. At the same time a mongoose emerged from the bushes and went straight for the cobra".*4

Besides it Bond is perfectly familiar with the animals’ behaviour and in his stories we realize this fact. As in the story Grandpa fights an Ostrich he provides a general as well as scientific account of animals behaviour:

"To take this shortcut it was necessary to cross an ostrich camp or farm. To venture across these ‘camps’ in the breeding season especially on foot, can be dangerous, for during this time the male birds are extremely ferocious."*5

The description of animals’ encounter with humans is very exciting and thrilling in such a way that it seems we are a part of it. As he further describes:

"Believing discretion to be the better part of velour, I turned and run towards the fence. But it was an unequal race. What were my steps of two or three feet against the creature’s great strides of sixteen to twenty feet?"*6

In Tiger, Tiger Burning Bright the beast symbolizes nobility. It represents the soul of India. Tiger safeguards the jungle and the villagers against infiltration of the outsiders. It protects their rights and cultural heritage. Therefore when the last tiger shot they feel themselves unprotected, unguarded. They feel:

"Something had gone out of their lives…………… as long as the tiger had been there, and the villagers had heard it roar at night, they had known that they were secure but now the tiger had gone it was as though a protector had gone, leaving the forest open and vulnerable, easily destroyable."*7

Snakes have a distinct place in Indian life and mythology. They are worshipped because they are very close to Lord Shiva. They are also the incarnation of late forefathers in present form. Rani in The Room of Many Colours gets hysterical when the boy talks of some snake seen in the garden. She tells a new story of the reptile:

"Princes, when they die, are born again as snakes. ‘All princes?’ No, only those who died before the marriage. Did your prince die, before he could marry you? Yes, and he returned to this garden in the form of a beautiful snake. "*8

Here Bond’s narration indicates his attitude of love and understanding towards other creatures. His treatment of animals and birds is so much interesting that it keeps joining us with the bent of mind of the author. Some beasts like panther, leopard, jackals, reptiles; lizards are suggestive to the particular mood. In the story Panther’s Moon panther is an enigma:

"There are occasions when he proves himself to be most cunning animal under the sun and yet very next day he will walk into an obvious trap that no self-respecting jackal would ever go near."*9

              

In one story Bond combines many things together like excitement, thrill, action, suspense, and amazement and narrates them in that way which is impossible to a ordinary author to mingle all these things with animals life. In the story Grandpa fights an Ostrich he describes the behaviour of an ostrich like this:

"I moved my hands from my face and there stood the ostrich with one foot raised, ready to rip me open! I could not move. Was the bird going to play with me like a cat with a mouse, and prolong the agony?"*10

Sometimes Bond tries to represent the animals in a sacred form. As we know that in our Hindu religion the animals have been given a pious place for example the Garuda, the Monkey, Blue jay, squirrel, cow, lion and many more. In this way Bond gives us a different outlook towards pets and animals. The story All Creatures Great and Small is a best example of it. He writes:

“Many birds are sacred,” said Ramu… He told me that both the blue jay and the god Shiva were called Nilkanth. Shiva had a blue throat, like the bird, because out of compassion for the human race he had swallowed a deadly poison which was intended to destroy the world. Keeping the poison in his throat, he did not let it go any further.¹¹’

Further he describes about the squirrels one thing is more realistic in this sense that the logic behind the myths seems quite natural as he describes:- 

“Lord Krishna loved squirrels,” said Ramu. He would take them in his arms and stroke them with his long fingers. That is why they have four dark lines down their backs from head to tail. Krishna was very dark and the lines are the marks of his fingers¹². 

Ruskin Bond not only presents the religious point of view about the animals but the humanistic approach also and a great example of his humanism towards the animals, we find in the story The Monkey where he writes about the monkeys :-

“Never shoot a monkey. It’s not only that they’re sacred to Hindus – but they are rather human”¹³.

Bond’s description of animals view is quite realistic and different from any other author. It seems that he has portrayed the real picture of an animal before us, as he describes the monkeys in a story:-

“They were handsome creatures, their fur a silver-grey, their tails long and sinuous. They leapt gracefully from tree to tree and were very polite and dignified in their behaviour towards each other – unlike the bold, rather crude red monkeys of the plains some of the younger ones scampered about on the bill side playing and wrestling with each other like school boys”¹⁴. 

Besides it Bond is quite worried about the future of the animals and their extinction in India. He wants to convey the message “save the animals’. We should bother about the security and safety of the animals. He writes in the story The Leopard:

“The Leopard, like other members of the cat family, is nearing extinction in India, and I was surprised to find one so close to Mussorrie. Probably the deforestation that had been taking place in the surrounding hills had driven the deer into this green valley; and the leopard, naturally, had followed”¹⁵

Sometimes he raises the issue of the rights of the animals. In the story All Creatures Great and Small he conveys this message:-

“It is also important that we respect them, ‘said Grandfather, ‘We must acknowledge their rights. Every where birds and animals are finding it more difficult to survive because we are trying to destroy both them and their forests. They have to keep moving as the trees disappear”.¹⁶

                   

In this way we find that Bond is a perfect artist of the characters of birds and animals. He loves to write about them and no doubt they are one of the most important parts of his works. Now we can say that Bond’s stories on pets, birds and animals have an immensely rich future. Its variety and vividness shall continue to grant it a recognized place and position in the world’s literature.

References

*1. Ruskin Bond, “Animals on the Track” Treasury of stories for the Children, (Penguin Books India, 2000) p.14

*2,3,4. The Banyan Tree, Ruskin Bond Collected Fiction, Penguin India,1996.

*5,6,10. Grandpa fights an Ostrich Treasury of stories for the Children, (Penguin Books India, 2000) p.8

*7. Tiger, tiger, burning bright Treasury of stories for the Children, (Penguin Books India, 2000) p.379

*8. The Room Of Many Colors,Ruskin Bond Collected Fiction, Penguin India,1996, p.229

*9. Panther’s Moon, Ruskin Bond Collected Fiction, Penguin India,1996, p.121

*11. All Creatures Great and Small, Ruskin Bond collected fiction. P. 434 

*12. Ibid p.438

*13 Ibid.p.80 

*14. Ibid p.80

*15 Ibid.p.148

*16. Ibid p.434.

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  Date:25/05/07